EMESIS

The word "Emesis" is used by the Medical and Scientific worlds to describe the "physical act of being sick". For decades the medical and scientific worlds have made clear that there is a "vomiting control centre" within the brain, the location of which has still not been identified.

 

In this same time frame there has been universal acknowledgement that the vestibular system (the inner ear) has a direct part to play in the act being sick as a result of "travel" or "motion sickness".

Could it be that the vestibular system has a greater part to play in the act of being sick? According to some independent establishments, the vestibular system does have a significant role in the process:

Courtesy of Medscape / Medline :- Maternal susceptibility to nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: is the vestibular system involved?   Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002 May;185(5 Suppl Understanding):S204-9 (ISSN: 0002-9378) Black FO Legacy Clinical Research and Technology Center, Department of Neurotology Research, Portland, OR 97208-3950, USA. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy shares many characteristics with motion sickness, a vestibular dependent phenomenon. A number of physiologic changes that occur in normal pregnancy are also known to accompany nausea and vomiting in patients with motion sickness and certain vestibular disorders. This chapter summarizes some shared features of both phenomena. The unmasking of subclinical vestibular disorders may account for some cases of hyperemesis gravidarum. Hormonal effects on neurotransmitter function may also play a role in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and in some vestibular disorders; however, the specific neural mechanisms of nausea and vomiting have not been identified. Until the neurochemical processes underlying these phenomena are understood, prevention and management will remain in the domain of astute, but so far limited, clinical observation. Indexing Check Tags: Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S Language: English MEDLINE Indexing Date: 200206 Publication Type: Status: Completed Publication Type: Journal Article Grant ID: NIDCD 00205 PreMedline Identifier: 0012011887 Unique NLM Identifier: 22005552 Journal Code: AIM; IM; S To see this review go to Medscape then select Medline, enter the following line in the search by author field. Black FO

Courtesy of Medscape / Medline:- Physiology of chemotherapy-induced emesis and antiemetic therapy. Predictive models for evaluation of new compounds. Drugs 1997 Feb;53(2):206-34   (ISSN: 00126667) Veyrat-Follet C; Farinotti R; Palmer JL Laboratoire GlaxoWellcome, Unite de Biocinetique, Evereux, France.   The physiology of emesis has been studied for several hundred years, focusing on the different centres involved and the mechanics of expulsion. The vomiting centre receives inputs from various emetic detectors such as the gut, the vestibular labyrinths and the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Emesis is a common disabling effect in motion sickness, postoperative conditions and in radio - and chemotherapy. Our current understanding of the mechanisms has been provided mainly by the recent introduction of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists into therapeutic use. Nevertheless, despite the considerable advances made in the understanding of the different pathways involved in emesis, there are number of areas that still require experimental investigation. Different animal and human models are available to study the physiology of emesis and to evaluate the antiemetic activity of new compounds, but they need to be predictors of clinical situations. Language: English MEDLINE Indexing Date: 199706 Publication Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW (141 references); REVIEW, TUTORIAL Unique NLM Identifier: 97180566 Journal Code: M   To see this review go to Medscape then select Medline and enter the following line in the search by author field. Veyrat-Follet C; Farinotti R; Palmer JL

 

A Harsh Reality.

 

From the Motion Sickness Seminar - Marbella 1997. The New Wave of Anti-Motion Sickness Drugs JF Golding (1997) Division of Psychology, University of Westminster, London W1R 8Al, UK. Most drugs currently used against motion sickness were identified over 30 years ago (1). They may be divided into three broad categories: antimuscarinics (e.g. scopolamine), H1 anti-histamines (e.g. dimehydrinate), and sympathomimetics (e.g. amphetamine). However, these drugs whether used alone or in combinations (e.g.scopolamine + dexamphetamine) are only partially effective in prevention of motion sickness and can produce unwanted side-effects such as drowsiness. Novel delivery systems have been developed such as transdermal scopolamine patches, with slight advantages. Cinnarizine has proved popular on account of its reasonable efficacy and good tolerability. Phenytoin, an "old" drug, has been recently identified to have previously unsuspected anti-motion sickness potential (2), although the complex pharmacokinetics and high potential for side-effects limits its practicality. Otherwise little progress has been achieved regarding anti-motion sickness drugs. By contrast, the development of other potent antiemetics such as D2 dopamine receptor antagonists, and especially of 5HT3, antagonists, has led to improvements in the management of nausea and vomiting due to other causes such as chemotherapy. Unfortunately these compounds are not effective against motion sickness (3). More recently a number of new classes of drugs with anti-motion sickness potential have been developed. These include neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonists (4), vasopressin V1a receptor antagonists (5), 5HT1a receptor agonists (6), and selective muscarinic M3/m5 receptor antagonists (7). At present, with the exception of M3/m5 receptor antagonists the majority of the published information on the anti-sickness efficacy of these new compounds is based on animal experiments. Caution should therefore be exercised in the judgment of worth of NK1 receptor antagonists, V1a receptor antagonists, and 5HT1a receptor agonists until sufficient published data are available to prove anti-motion sickness efficacy in humans and to gauge the level of unwanted side-effects. If such efficacy and lack of side-effects is proven, then at least two of these three classes of agents, NK1 antagonists & 5HT1a agonists, have the potential to be broad-spectrum antiemetics. They may act at the final common pathway or integrative centre of emetic circuitry and hence be effective against central & peripheral chemical as well as labyrinthine stimuli. REFERENCES (1) Wood CD, Graybiel A. Evaluation of 16 antimotion sickness drugs under controlled laboratory conditions. Aerospace Med, 1969;39:1341-4. (2) Chelen W, Kabrisky M, Hatsell C, Morales R, Fix B, Scott M. Use of phenytoin in the prevention of motion sickness. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 1990;61:1022-5. (3) Stott JRR, Barnes GR, Wright RJ, Ruddock CJS. The effect on motion sickness and oculomotor function of GR 38032F, as 5-HT3- receptor antagonist with anti-emetic properties. Br. J. Clin. Pharmac., 1989;27:147-57.

 

What could this mean?

As we have shown through the use of our product which addresses the process via the above accredited emetic detectors there have been tremendous benefits provided to those who suffer travel or motion sickness derived from our product labelled "TravelWell".

There has also been an astonishing level of success in dealing with "Morning Sickness" in pregnancy using our product. Over 18 months of research by the National Health Service, commissioned by Mr M J Heard FRCOG - (Chair of Deanery Specialist Training Committee for the Wessex Deanery - Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists) showed that our product produces significant benefits for those who would normally suffer the symptoms of morning sickness. The results can be seen here.

 

The above facts confirm that:

• The vestibular system has a part to play in Emesis.

• Our product does have a beneficial effect on the process.

 

Is the beneficial effect of our programme confined to the above areas?

 

The process of Emesis or the act of being sick can be the result of a condition - or the treatment of a condition. The question of whether our programme could help in a wider variety of suffering can possibly be answered by looking more closely at what the programme is actually doing.

In having an effect on Emesis - the product does not have any effect on the condition or treatment for a condition being employed. Therefore the product's effect on Emesis - is irrespective of condition or other treatment of a condition being employed.

We believe that the "net effect" of vomiting or "Emesis" does in fact involve the same or very similar processes - in most instances of vomiting.

Testament to our beliefs is the fact that for the greater majority of people who have used our product to address their symptoms - the product has provided a beneficial effect in reducing or eliminating the symptoms.

In some of these occasions of use, the application of our product has been under the personal monitoring of the patients Consultant - after the correct administration of formal antiemetics - which have subsequently failed.

Some of these have been Cancer / Oncology patients - see the menu at top right referencing other conditions where individual patients and various clinics have tried the product in specific fields.

 

The new realities

Using the above information by way of an example, DAVAL has a labelled product named "nevasic" for treating the symptoms of nausea and vomiting associated with travel - "travel" or "motion sickness."

 

Full details of this product are available at: http://www.nevasic.com/researchtw.html

In browsing the top right menu pages you will see what sufferers of a variety of conditions and treatments of conditions have to say about their experiences with this product.

 

The new reality in dealing with Morning Sickness in pregnancy.

DAVAL markets a labelled product named "MorningWell" for the symptoms of morning sickness. Every unit of this product sold world-wide generates a donation of 50p to The National Childbirth Trust.

The National Childbirth Trust (NCT) offers support in pregnancy, childbirth and early parenthood. We aim to give every parent the chance to make informed choices. We try to make sure that all our services, activities and membership are fully accessible to everyone.

Make the right choices for you
Our website gives you a taste of what we are all about. The National Childbirth Trust has 45 years of experience working with new parents. This site is guided by our trained experts and fully backed by research, so you can trust the information we provide and use it to make your own choices. If you would like to find out more, and enjoy the full benefits of membership, click here for details of how to become an NCT member. As a charity, we rely on your support.

Sharing experiences with other parents
For most, the path to becoming a parent runs smooth, however, some people have a somewhat different experience.

 

If you would find it helpful to talk to someone, contact the National Childbirth Trust on 0870 444 8707 (our enquiry line is open 9 - 5 Mon - Thursday, and 9 - 4 Friday).

 

The Special Experiences register is comprised of people who are happy to share what they have learned and how they coped. If you feel alone, or need to talk, call us and we will do our best to put you in touch with someone who will listen and share.

Medical Professionals within the National Health Service in the UK, have run a study for a period in excess of 18 months. In this study pregnant women identified as suffering the symptoms of "Morning Sickness" were provided our product and monitored by their Midwives. The results of the study can be seen at: http://www.morningwell.co.uk/NHSStudy.htm.

 

The results were published in the Midwifery publication "The Practising Midwife" - if you missed the copy - full details can be seen at: http://www.morningwell.co.uk/TPM.htm.